MATERNAL AGE AT BIRTH AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW) IN INDONESIA (ANALYSIS OF RISKESDAS 2018)
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Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the health problems that cause long-term and short-term consequences to a child, mainly due to maternal age, which is determined by very young or old maternal age. This study aims to determine maternal age's effect on LBW in a larger population while controlling for factors such as maternal education and occupation, residence area, socioeconomic status, iron consumption during pregnancy, Maternal and Child Health (MCH) book, gestational age, and ANC K4. The data for this study were obtained from the Basic Health Research 2018, and the unit of analysis was mothers with children under the age of five. A risk factor model approach was adopted to determine the association between maternal age variables and the incidence of LBW using multiple logistic regression with complex samples. The risk of LBW for mothers aged 20 or 35 years compared to mothers aged 21-34 years was 1.342 (95%CI:1.165-1.546). The final model equation included confounding variables such as socioeconomic status, MCH card ownership, gestational age, complete ANC, and CED in mothers. As a result, thus very young or old women were also at risk of having LBW children. The final multivariate analysis showed that maternal age at delivery had a highly significant association with LBW in Indonesia. This makes it necessary to educate pregnant women in particular and all levels of society to minimize the risk of LBW by preventing early marriage or delivering a baby at a very old age.
Keywords: LBW, maternal age, Riskesdas, Indonesia
ABSTRAK
Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang menyebabkan konsekuensi jangka panjang dan jangka pendek pada seorang anak, terutama karena usia ibu, yang ditentukan oleh usia ibu yang sangat muda atau tua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh usia ibu terhadap BBLR pada tingkat populasi yang lebih besar dan dikendalikan untuk beberapa karakteristik seperti pendidikan dan pekerjaan ibu, pendidikan dan pekerjaan ayah, daerah tempat tinggal, status sosial ekonomi, konsumsi zat besi selama kehamilan, kepemilikan buku KIA, usia kehamilan, dan ANC K4. Data yang digunakan diperoleh dari Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018, dan unit analisisnya adalah ibu yang memiliki anak di bawah usia 5 tahun. Pendekatan model faktor risiko diadopsi untuk menentukan hubungan antara variabel usia ibu dan kejadian BBLR menggunakan regresi logistik berganda dengan kompleks sampel. Besarnya risiko ibu usia 20 atau 35 tahun untuk kejadian BBLR dibandingkan dengan usia ibu 21-34 tahun adalah 1,342 (95%CI: 1,165-1,546). Variabel perancu yang dimasukkan dalam persamaan model akhir adalah status sosial ekonomi, kepemilikan buku KIA, usia kehamilan, ANC lengkap, dan KEK pada ibu dengan demikian wanita usia sangat muda atau tua juga berisiko memiliki anak dengan BBLR. Hasil akhir analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa usia ibu saat melahirkan memiliki hubungan yang sangat signifikan dengan kejadian BBLR di Indonesia. Hal ini membuat perlu adanya edukasi bagi ibu hamil khususnya dan semua lapisan masyarakat untuk meminimalkan risiko BBLR dengan mencegah pernikahan dini atau melahirkan seorang bayi di usia yang sangat tua.
Kata kunci: BBLR, usia ibu, Riskesdas, Indonesia
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