ANALISIS PREVALENSI KASUS BALITA WASTING DI KAWASAN TIMUR INDONESIA TAHUN 2022 DENGAN PENDEKATAN SPASIAL
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Wasting is a form of malnutrition that has the highest risk of death of all child nutritional problems. The prevalence rate of wasting in Indonesia continues to decreased from year to year. However, in 2022, the rate increased by 0,6 points compared to the previous year, to 7,7 percent. As many as 15 of 17 provinces in Eastern Indonesia (KTI) have wasting prevalence rates above the Indonesian wasting prevalence rate. The high and clustered prevalence of wasting in KTI indicates a spatial effect. This study aims to see the general picture and model the percentage of wasting toddlers in KTI in 2022 using data from the Ministry of Health and BPS using the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) spatial method. The independent variables used are the percentage clean drinking water sources, the percentage of poor people, the percentage of food expenditure per capita, the percentage of complete immunization, the percentage of exclusively breastfeeding, and the percentage of working mothers. From the results of modeling using GWR, all predictor variables are significantly different from the percentage of children under five years old by district/city in KTI. The percentage clean drinking water sources, the percentage of food expenditure per capita, the percentage of complete immunization, the percentage of exclusively breastfeeding, and the percentage of working mothers have a negative relationship with the percentage of children under five who are wasted in all significant regions. Meanwhile, the variable percentage of poor people has a positive relationship with the percentage of children under five wasting in all significant areas. There are 17 groups of regions based on significant variables.
Keywords: wasting, spatial, GWR
ABSTRAK
Wasting merupakan salah satu bentuk malnutrisi yang memiliki risiko kematian tertinggi dari semua masalah gizi pada anak. Angka prevalensi wasting di Indonesia terus menurun dari tahun ke tahun. Namun, pada tahun 2022, angka tersebut mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,6 poin dibandingkan dengan tahun sebelumnya, menjadi sebesar 7,7 persen. Sebanyak 15 dari 17 provinsi di kawasan timur Indonesia (KTI) memiliki prevalensi wasting di atas angka prevalensi wasting Indonesia. Angka prevalensi wasting yang tinggi dan mengelompok di KTI mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat efek spasial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran umum dan memodelkan persentase balita wasting di KTI tahun 2022 menggunakan data dari Kemenkes dan BPS dengan metode spasial Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Variabel prediktor yang digunakan berupa persentase air minum layak, persentase penduduk miskin, persentase pengeluaran makanan per kapita, persentase imunisasi lengkap, persentase ASI eksklusif, dan persentase ibu yang bekerja. Dari hasil pemodelan dengan menggunakan GWR, seluruh variabel prediktor signifikan berbeda-beda terhadap persentase balita wasting menurut kabupaten/kota di KTI. Variabel persentase air minum layak, persentase pengeluaran makanan per kapita, persentase imunisasi lengkap, persentase asi eksklusif, dan persentase ibu yang bekerja memiliki hubungan yang negatif terhadap persentase balita yang mengalami wasting di semua wilayah yang signifikan. Sedangkan, variabel persentase penduduk miskin memiliki hubungan positif terhadap persentase balita wasting di semua wilayah signifikan. Didapatkan 17 kelompok wilayah berdasarkan variabel yang signifikan.
Kata kunci: wasting, spatial, GWR
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