FREKUENSI KONSUMSI MAKANAN ASIN PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS KEMIRI MUKA, KOTA DEPOK
Article Sidebar
Read Counter : 0
Download : 0
Main Article Content
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of premature death worldwide. One of the factors associated with the incidence of hypertension is excessive sodium intake in salty foods. This study aims to determine the relationship between the frequency of salty food consumption in hypertensive patients. This study is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Kemiri Muka Health Center Working Area with a total of 143 respondents consisting of age ≥ 18 years. Chi square test show that 2 factors have a significant relationship with blood pressure in hypertensive patients. These factors are age (p=0.006) and frequency of salty food consumption (p=0.048). Meanwhile, gender, employment status, and education level do not have a significant relationship with blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Based on the chi square analysis, there is a significant relationship between the frequency of salty food consumption and blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Based on the results of the analysis, the age variable obtained an OR value of 1.927, which indicates that age is proven to be a risk factor for uncontrolled blood pressure after being controlled by the employment status variable. It is hoped that there will be a program that emphasizes the importance of reducing salty food consumption to increase public awareness of the risk of hypertension.
Keywords: hypertension, salty food consumption, sodium
ABSTRAK
Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian dini di seluruh dunia. Salah satu faktor yang berkaitan dengan kejadian hipertensi adalah asupan natrium yang berlebih. Makanan asin merupakan makanan yang banyak mengandung natrium yang tinggi sehingga akan mengikat banyak cairan untuk dialirkan ke jantung yang akan membebani kerja jantung sehingga bisa menyebabkan hipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan frekuensi konsumsi makanan asin pada pasien hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kemiri Muka. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional yang dilakukan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kemiri Muka dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 143 orang yang terdiri dari usia ≥ 18 tahun. Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan, 2 faktor yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Faktor-faktor tersebut adalah usia (p=0,006) dan frekuensi konsumsi makanan asin (p=0,048). Sedangkan jenis kelamin, status pekerjaan, dan tingkat pendidikan tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Berdasarkan analisis chi square, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara frekuensi konsumsi makanan asin dengan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, variabel usia didapatkan nilai OR sebesar 1,927, yang menandakan bahwa usia terbukti sebagai faktor risiko tekanan darah tidak terkendali setelah dikontrol oleh variabel status pekerjaan. Diharapkan adanya program yang menekankan pentingnya pengurangan konsumsi makanan asin untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap risiko hipertensi.
Kata kunci : hipertensi, konsumsi makanan asin, natrium
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to remix, adapt, build upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association).
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Yazie D, Shibeshi W, Alebachew M, Berha AB, Beyene A, Assessment B. Assessment of Blood
Pressure Control among Hypertensive Patients in Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A CrossSectional Study. J Bioanal Biomed [Internet]. 2018;10(3):3. Available from: https://hal.science/hal-04034220
The F, Hasan M, Imbar A, Dika S. The Relationship of Risk Factors to the Incidence of Hypertension in Pre-Elderly and Elderly (Study in Ternate City). Journal of The CommunityDevelopment in Asia. 2023 May 20;6(2):1–18.
Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Rosei EA, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Hypertension (ESH). Vol. 39, European Heart Journal. Oxford University Press; 2018. p. 3021–104.
Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, Khan NA, Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, et al. 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines. Hypertension. 2020 Jun 1;75(6):1334–57.
Nerenberg KA, Zarnke KB, Leung AA, Dasgupta K, Butalia S, McBrien K, et al. Hypertension Canada’s 2018 Guidelines for Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment of Hypertension in Adults and Children. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2018 May 1;34(5):506–25.
Peltzer K, Pengpid S. The Prevalence and Social Determinants of Hypertension among
Adults in Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based National Survey. Int J Hypertens. 2018;2018.
Widiarsih A, Susanna D, Eryando T. Consumption of Salted Fish Containing High Level of Natrium Chloride (NaCl) with Hypertension Incidence among People in Area of Salted Fish Industry. International Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2017;
Farapti F, Nadhiroh SR, Sayogo S, Mardiana N. Urinary and dietary sodium to potassium ratio as a useful marker for estimating blood pressure among older women in Indonesian
Urban coastal areas. Med J Nutrition Metab. 2017;10(2):113–22.
Anota A, Nedi T. Blood Pressure Control and Associated Factors Among Hypertensive
Patients Attending Shashemene Referral Hospital, Oromia, Ethiopia. Hosp Pharm. 2022 Aug 1;57(4):555–63.
Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, Reed JE, Kearney PM, Reynolds K, et al. Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control. Circulation. 2016 Aug 9;134(6):44150.
Teshome DF, Demssie AF, Zeleke BM. Determinants of blood pressure control amongst hypertensive patients in Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2018 May 1;13(5).
World Health Organization. Global report on hypertension The race against a silent killer.
Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan. Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023. 2023.
Dinas Kesehatan Kota Depok. Profil Kesehatan Kota Depok 2023 [Internet]. Available from: www.dinkes.depok.go.id
Tumanduk WM, Nelwan JE, Asrifuddin A. Faktor-faktor risiko hipertensi yang berperan
di Rumah Sakit Robert Wolter Mongisidi. Jurnal e-Clinic (eCl). 2019;
World Health Organization. Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children. Geneva; 2012.
B H, Akbar H, Langingi ARC, Hamzah StR. Analisis Hubungan Pola Makan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Lansia. Journal health and Science ; Gorontalo journal health & Science Community. 2021;5.
Destra E, Frisca F, Santoso AH, Firmansyah Y. Hubungan Asupan Makanan Cepat Saji dengan Angka Kejadian Hipertensi pada Orang Dewasa dengan Aktifitas Fisik Ringan Hingga Sedang [Internet]. 2022. Available from: http://jurnalmedikahutama.com
Grillo A, Salvi L, Coruzzi P, Salvi P, Parati G. Sodium intake and hypertension. Nutrients.
Sep 1;11(9).
Ramadhini D, Suryati. Hubungan Kebiasaan Konsumsi Makanan Asin Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Lansia di Desa Labuhan Labo Kota Padangsidimpuan Tahun 2018. Vol. 3, INDONESIAN HEALTH SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL. 2018.
Mahmudah S, Maryusman T, Arini FA, Malkan I. Hubungan Gaya Hidup dan Pola Makan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Lansia di Kelurahan Sawangan Baru Kota Depok. 2016.
Falefi R, Tanjung RR, Mawar L, Sazkiah ER, Lestari C, Siregar WS. Epidemiologi Hipertensi Berdasarkan Budaya Konsumsi Garam di Kawasan Pesisir Medan Belawan. Vol. 7, BIMKMI. 2019.
Arikunto S. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta; 2020.
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No 25 Tahun 2016 tentang Rencana Aksi Nasional Kesehatan Lanjut Usia Tahun 2016-2019. 2016.
Rayanti RE, Triandhini RLNKR, Sentia DH. Hubungan Konsumsi Garam dan Tekanan Darah pada Wanita di Desa Batur Jawa Tengah. Media Ilmu Kesehatan. 2019;8(3).
Carey RM, Muntner P, Bosworth HB, Whelton PK. Prevention and Control of Hypertension: JACC Health Promotion Series. Vol. 72, Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Elsevier USA; 2018. p. 1278–93.
Baringbing EP. Pengaruh Karakteristik Pendidikan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Pasien Rawat Jalan di RSUD dr. Doris Sylvanus Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Surya Medika. 2023 Dec 27;9(3):12430.
Connelly PJ, Currie G, Delles C. Sex Differences in the Prevalence, Outcomes and Management of Hypertension. Vol. 24, Current Hypertension Reports. Springer; 2022. p. 185–92.
Tasić T, Tadić M, Lozić M. Hypertension in Women. Vol. 9, Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. Frontiers Media S.A.; 2022.
Wahyuni Sri IA. Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Hipertensi Pada Lansia Di Desa Alue Bili Geulumpang Kecamatan Baktiya Kabupaten Aceh Utara Tahun 2022. Journal of Health and Medical Science. 2022;
Meher M, Pradhan S, Pradhan SR. Risk Factors Associated With Hypertension in Young Adults:A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2023 Apr 12;
Hinton TC, Adams ZH, Baker RP, Hope KA, Paton JFR, Hart EC, et al. Investigation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Young People: Too Much Medicine or Appropriate Risk Reduction? Vol. 75, Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979). NLM (Medline); 2020. p. 16–22.
Thesman MIB. Hubungan antara Usia, Jenis Kelamin dan Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Kejadian Hipertensi di Rumkital Dr.Ramelan Surabaya [Internet]. Vol. 17, HTMJ. 2019. Available from: www.journalmedical.hangtuah.ac.id
Aberhe W, Mariye T, Bahrey D, Zereabruk K, Hailay A, Mebrahtom G, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with uncontrolled hypertension among adult hypertensive patients on follow-up at Northern Ethiopia, 2019: Cross-sectional study. Pan African Medical Journal. 2020 May 1;36:1–14.
Farhadi F, Aliyari R, Ebrahimi H, Hashemi H, Emamian MH, Fotouhi A. Prevalence of
uncontrolled hypertension and its associated factors in 50–74 years old Iranian adults: a population-based study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023 Dec 1;23(1).
Sheleme T, Jilo O, Bekele F, Olika W, Safera B, Babu Y. Uncontrolled blood pressure and
contributing factors among patients with hypertension at outpatient care of Bedele General Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med. 2022;10.
Sari NN, Yuliana D, Agata A, Febriawati H. Faktor Karakteristik berhubungan Responden yang dengan Manajemen Pengendalian Hipertensi [Internet]. 2023. Available from: http://journal.stikeskendal.ac.id/index.php/Keperawatan
Hakim L, Tazkiah M, Keperawatan A, Harum Banjarmasin P, Kebidanan A, Banjarbaru Y. Gambaran Karakteristik Penderita Hipertensi di Puskesmas Pemurus Baru. 2018.
Sun K, Lin D, Li M, Mu Y, Zhao J, Liu C, et al. Association of education levels with the risk of hypertension and hypertension control: a nationwide cohort study in Chinese adults. J Epidemiol Community Health (1978). 2022;76(5):451–7.