HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI MAKAN, POLA ASUH MAKAN DAN GANGGUAN MAKAN TERHADAP STATUS GIZI ANAK PAUD USIA 4-7 TAHUN
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ABSTRACT
Nutritional problems in early childhood remain a major public health concern due to their impact on growth and developmental outcomes. Poor eating habits and inadequate parental feeding practices often contribute to nutritional imbalance among preschool children. This study aimed to examine the association between dietary intake, feeding practices, and eating behavior disorders with the nutritional status of preschool children aged 4–7 years. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among 75 children enrolled in two early childhood education centers (PAUD) in Bogor, Indonesia, selected through a total sampling technique. The independent variables were dietary intake, feeding practices, and eating behavior disorders, while the dependent variable was nutritional status, assessed by body mass index-for-age (BMI/Age). Data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Fisher-Exact test. Results indicated significant associations between energy intake (p = 0.003), protein intake (p = 0.002), fat intake (p = 0.000), and eating behavior disorders (p = 0.048) with children’s nutritional status. In contrast, carbohydrate intake and feeding practices showed no significant association. Interestingly, both undernutrition and overnutrition were more prevalent among children with adequate to excessive macronutrient intake, suggesting that the quantity of food alone does not ensure normal nutritional status. These findings highlight the importance of balanced diet quality and responsive feeding practices in maintaining optimal nutrition during early childhood. Parents are encouraged to provide nutrient-dense foods appropriate to children’s needs and limit fast-food consumption.
Keywords: preschool children, eating behavior disorder, dietary intake, feeding practice, nutritional status
ABSTRAK
Masalah gizi pada anak usia dini masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan utama yang dapat berdampak pada proses tumbuh kembangnya. Kebiasaan makan yang buruk adalah salah satu aspek ketidakseimbangan asupan. Pola asuh orang tua sering kali dikaitkan dengan kondisi kurang gizi pada anak sehingga berperan penting dalam pembentukan pola makan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi makan, pola asuh makan, dan gangguan makan terhadap status gizi anak PAUD usia 4–7 tahun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross-sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 75 orang yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Variabel independen dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumsi makan, pola asuh makan, dan gangguan makan, sedangkan status gizi anak PAUD merupakan variabel dependen. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan energi (p=0,003), asupan protein (p=0,002), asupan lemak (p=0,000), dan gangguan makan (p=0,048) dengan status gizi anak PAUD. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan karbohidrat dan pola asuh makan dengan status gizi anak PAUD. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ketidakseimbangan asupan makanan, baik yang berlebih maupun yang kurang, serta pola asuh makan yang tidak tepat dan adanya gangguan makan tidak selalu mencerminkan bahwa anak memiliki status gizi yang normal. Diharapkan orang tua dapat memberikan makanan sesuai kebutuhan anak serta mengurangi pemberian makanan cepat saji.
Kata kunci: anak usia 4–7 tahun, gangguan makan, konsumsi makan, pola asuh makan, status gizi
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