HUBUNGAN KEKURANGAN VITAMIN A DENGAN ANEMIA PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH
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Abstract
Anemia, terutama anemia defisiensi besi, masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia.
Prevalensi anemia masih tinggi pada kelompok risiko tinggi yaitu ibu hamil, menyusui, balita, anak usia
sekolah dan WUS. Selain kekurangan zat besi dalam konsumsi makanan dan penyakit infeksi, berbagai
faktor mempunyai kontribusi relatif terhadap anemia. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kontribusi
relatif status retinol terhadap anemia pada anak usia sekolah. Penelitian dilakukan di Tasikmalaya dan
Ciamis pada 173 anak umur 5-9 tahun dari keluarga miskin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi
anemia 14,5 persen, prevalensi kurang vitamin A (KVA) 10,9 persen. Konsumsi energi, protein, zat besi,
vitamin C, vitamin B12, folat, dan seng masih di bawah AKG (2004). Setelah dikontrol dengan asupan
energi, protein, dan vitamin B12 anak yang menderita KVA memiliki odds ratio 3,33 kali untuk menjadi
anemia (p=0.063, 95%, CI 0,93-11.84) dibandingkan anak yang tidak KVA.
Kata kunci: anemia, defisiensi vitamin A, anak usia sekolah
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