BEBERAPA FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERURISEMIA PADA PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI RS DUSTIRA CIMAHI
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Abstract
Hiperurisemia menjadi faktor independen terjadinya stroke dan penyakit kardiovaskuler. Cairan yang kurang menimbulkan terhambatnya ekskresi asam urat melalui urin sehingga menimbulkan hiperurisemia. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai pada penelitian ini secara umum adalah menganalisis besarnya risiko asupan cairan dan faktor determinan lain seperti kegemukan, asupan purin yang tinggi, asupan karbohidrat yang kurang, asupan lemak yang tinggi, riwayat keluarga dan aktifitas fisik pada kejadian hiperurisemia. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan edukasi dalam memperbaiki pola makan dan pola minum agar terhindar dari penyakit gout (artritis). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol tanpa matching dengan jumlah sampel 78 orang, 39 orang kasus dan 39 orang kontrol. Pengumpulan data dilakukan di RS Dustira Cimahi dengan usia sampel 30-60 tahun. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis odds ratio dan analisis multivariat dengan uji stratifikasi. Kasus dalam penelitian ini adalah memiliki kadar asam urat darah lebih dari normal, tidak hamil, tidak menderita penyakit ginjal dan hipertensi grade II,. Kontrol memiliki kadar asam urat darah normal, tidak hipertensi grade II, tidak menderita sakit ginjal dan tidak hamil. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data umum, asupan cairan, asupan karbohidrat, asupan lemak total, antropometri, aktivitas fisik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asupan cairan yang kurang meningkatkan risiko 6,92 kali terkena hiperurisemia, asupan purin yang tinggi meningkatkan risiko 3,889 kali terkena hiperurisemia, asupan lemak yang tinggi meningkatkan risiko 3,383 kali terkena hiperurisemia, riwayat hiperurisemia dalam keluarga meningkatkan risiko 6,379 kali terkena hiperurisemia. Disarankan penderita hiperurisemia cukup mengasup cairan, memilih makanan sumber purin rendah, membatasi asupan makanan sumber lemak jenuh, penderita dengan riwayat keluarga hiperurisemia harus lebih berhati-hati dalam memilih makanan dan minuman sumber purin.
ABSTRACT
RISK FACTORS OF HYPERURECEMIA IN OUTPATIENTS IN DUSTIRA CIMAHI HOSPITAL
Hyperuricemia is an independent factor to stroke and cardiovascular diseases. Low fluid intake prevents uric acid excretion through urine waste thus causing hyperuricemia. The aim of this research is to analyze the risk of fluid intake and other determinant factors of hyperuricemia. Outcome of this research can be used to educate people in relation to eating and drinking patternsfor preventing gout arthritis. This research used case control study design without matching, with 78 subjects (39 cases and 39 control). Control group had a normal uric acid concentration, no renal disease and no hypertention grade II, and not pregnant. While for case group, they had a higher uric acid concentration, no renal disease and no hypertention grade II, and not pregnant The data are taken at Dustira Hospital with the age range of 30 – 60 years old. Data taken are general data, fluid intake, carbohydrate intake, total fat intake, anthropometry, physical activities and family history of disease. Stastitical analysis used in this study was Odd Ratio (OR) and stratification analysis. The conclusion of this research is low intake of fluid has a risk of 6.92 times to be hyperuricemia, high intake of purin has a risk of 6.55 times to be hyperuricemia, high fat intake is 3,38 times and the history of hyperuricemia in family is 6.38 times risk to be hyperuricemia. High intake of purin and the history of hyperuricemia in the family were the confounding factors in the relationship between fluid intake and hyperuricemia. This research recommends that patients with hyperuricemia need adequate fluid intake, and need to lower their purin and fat intakes.
Keywords: risk factors, hyperuricemia, fluid intake
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