RIWAYAT MAKANAN YANG MENINGKATKAN ASAM LAMBUNG SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO GASTRITIS
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Abstract
Gastritis merupakan salah satu gangguan pencernaan akibat pola makan. Hampir 10 persen penduduk dunia menderita gastritis. Di Indonesia, angka kejadian gastritis sebesar 40,8 persen. Pola makan yang merupakan faktor pemicu gastritis adalah konsumsi tinggi protein dalam menu harian, kebiasaan konsumsi makanan pedas dan minum kopi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor risiko riwayat konsumsi makanan yang berpotensi meningkatkan keasaman lambung terhadap kejadian gastritis. Penelitian observasional dengan desain case control dilakukan pada 32 responden terdiri dari 16 responden gastritis dan 16 responden non gastritis. Variabel bebas penelitian meliputi riwayat konsumsi protein, riwayat konsumsi sambal, dan kebiasaan minum kopi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode systematic random sampling dan dengan menggunakan form Dietary History dan form Food Frequency semi quantitative. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden gastritis berjenis kelamin perempuan (78,12%), berusia antara 20-30 tahun (40,63%), dan telah menderita gastritis > 3 tahun (43,75%). Berdasarkan uji statistik, variabel yang merupakan faktor risiko gastritis adalah frekuensi konsumsi susu (p=0,034, OR=6,600) dan jumlah konsumsi sambal (p=0,037, OR=11,667). Responden dengan riwayat frekuensi konsumsi susu sering, berisiko 6,6 kali lebih besar mengalami gastritis dibanding responden dengan riwayat konsumsi susu jarang, dan responden yang memiliki riwayat kebiasaan konsumsi sambal > 3 sdt per konsumsi, berisiko 11,667 kali untuk menderita gastritis dibanding yang memiliki kebiasaan konsumsi sambal kurang dari itu. Saran untuk pasien gastritis sebaiknya membatasi konsumsi susu terutama bila bersamaan dengan makanan berat lain dan konsumsi sambal yang berlebihan, karena keduanya dapat menstimulasi produksi asam lambung berlebihan sehingga menimbulkan perlukaan pada dinding lambung.
ABSTRACT
DIET HISTORY AS RISK FACTORS OF GASTRISTIC BY IMPROVING GASTRICT ACID
Gastritis is a digestive disorder caused by diet. Nearly 10 percent of people worldwide suffer from gastritis. In Indonesia, the incidence of gastritis was 40.8 percent. Food consumption which is a trigger factor of gastritis are the high consumption of protein in the daily diet, spicy foods and drinking coffee. This study aimed to identify risk factors of food consumption history that could increase gastric acidity as a risk factor of gastritis. The observational study with case control design conducted to 32 respondents devided into 2 groups, gastritis and non-gastritis group. Independent variables were protein consumption history, consumption of chili sauce, and drinking coffee habits. Sampling has done using systematic random sampling and food history was assessed using Dietary History form and Food Frequency semi quantitative form. The results showed that most of the gastritis respondents were female (78,12%), at the age range of 20-30 years (40,63%), and had suffered gastritis > 3 years (43,75%). The risk estimation results indicated that the significant variables as risk factors of gastritis were frequency of milk consumption (p=0,034, OR=6,600) and the amount of chili sauce consumption (p=0,037, OR=11,667). Respondents with frequent history of milk consumption had 6,6 times greater risk for experiencing gastritis than those infrequent history of milk consumption, and respondents who had history of chili sauce consumption habits > 3 tsp per consumptionhad 11,667 times greater risk for experiencing gastritis than those who consumed chili sauce habits less than that. Patients with gastritis should limit their milk consumption especially when ate with other heavy foods; and also limit consumption of chili sauce because it can stimulate excessive production of gastric acid that can iritate the gastric mucosa.
Keywords: diet history, gastric acid, gastritis
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