PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AIR SIWALAN (Borassus flabellifer L.) KEMASAN DAN AIR KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L.) KEMASAN TERHADAP STATUS HIDRASI DENGAN INDIKATOR PEMERIKSAAN DARAH DAN URIN PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS GAJAH MADA, YOGYAKARTA
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Football is a stop-and-go sport which causes great amount of sweat excretion. Therefore, water and electrolytes replacement is necessary. Sports drinks based on natural compounds, such as coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.), has been highly developed because of its high electrolytes and carbohydrate content. Palmyra saps, as well as coconut water, contains electrolytes and carbohydrate. The ability of palmyra saps water to rehydrate body fluid is still scientifically unproved. This study was conducted using cross-over design. Eighteen male students took part in this study. Each subject drank 250 ml of solution before the exercise and 300 ml of solution every 20 minutes during the 2 hours rehydration phase. Blood collections were done 3 times; before exercise, after exercise, and after 2 hours of rehydration. Urine collections were done 3 times; in the morning, after 1 hour of rehydration, and after 2 hours of rehydration. No significant difference (p≥0,05) in palmyra saps brand (ASK) and coconut water brand (AKK) group for blood osmolality and hematocrit. Urinary Na+ and K+ value after 2 hours rehydration phase in ASK and AKK group have significant difference (p<0.05). Urinary Na+ value and urine osmolality after 2 hours rehydration phase in palmyra saps brand and coconut water brand group have significant difference (p<0.05). Significant difference in volume, urine specific gravity and urine color from 2 groups is found between 1 hour after rehydration phase and 2 hours after rehydration phase.
Keywords: palmyra saps, coconut water, hydration status, sport drink
ABSTRAK
Sepak bola merupakan olahraga stop and go yang dapat memicu pengeluaran keringat dalam jumlah banyak sehingga penggantian cairan dan elektrolit tubuh harus diperhatikan. Minuman olahraga berbasis bahan alami, seperti air kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.), telah banyak dikembangkan karena kandungan elektrolit dan karbohidratnya tinggi. Seperti air kelapa, air nira siwalan juga mengandung elektrolit dan karbohidrat yang penting untuk proses rehidrasi. Namun, kemampuan air nira siwalan untuk merehidrasi belum terbukti secara ilmiah. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-over dengan subjek 18 mahasiswa laki-laki yang mengikuti UKM sepak bola atau futsal UGM. Kelompok kontrol diberikan air kelapa kemasan (AKK), kelompok perlakuan diberikan air siwalan kemasan (ASK). Subjek diberikan 250ml minuman sebelum latihan dan 300ml setiap 20 menit fase rehidrasi selama 2 jam. Pengambilan darah dilakukan 3 kali yaitu sebelum dan setelah latihan serta 2 jam setelah fase rehidrasi. Pengumpulan urin dilakukan 3 kali yaitu pagi hari, setelah 1 jam fase rehidrasi, dan setelah 2 jam fase rehidrasi. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p≥0,05) hasil osmolalitas darah dan hematokrit kelompok ASK dan AKK, namun terjadi penurunan nilai osmolalitas darah dan hematokrit lebih besar pada kelompok ASK. Nilai Na+ dan K+ antara kelompok ASK dan AKK berbeda signifikan pada 2 jam fase rehidrasi (p<0,05). Perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05) kelompok ASK dan AKK terdapat pada kadar Na+ urin setelah 2 jam rehidrasi. Osmolalitas urin antara pemberian ASK dengan AKK terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada 2 jam fase rehidrasi (p<0,05). Fase setelah 1 jam rehidrasi hingga fase 2 jam rehidrasi terdapat perbedaan signifikan (p<0,05) pada volume, berat jenis, dan warna urin.
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