PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MALTODEKSTRIN DALAM MINUMAN ELEKTROLIT TERHADAP DAYA TAHAN JANTUNG-PARU ATLET SEPAK BOLA
Article Sidebar
Read Counter : 1806
Download : 2945
Main Article Content
Abstract
Latihan maksimal, status hidrasi, dan pemenuhan kebutuhan gizi yang baik dapat meningkatkan daya tahan jantung paru. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan maltodekstrin dalam minuman elektrolit terhadap daya tahan jantung paru atlet sepak bola selama latihan. Penelitian ini adalah quasi- experiment dengan desain crossover pada 17 atlet PPLP sepak bola Jawa Tengah Tahun 2015. Penelitian berlangsung selama 6 minggu, pada saat latihan atlet diberikan minuman elektrolit sebanyak 4x300 mL pada menit ke-30, 60, 90 dan 120 kemudian dilakukan tes daya tahan jantung paru. Kelompok perlakuan diberikan minuman elektrolit yang ditambah 4x18 g maltodekstrin sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya diberikan minuman elektrolit. Pengukuran yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini meliputi berat badan, tinggi badan, IMT, persentase lemak tubuh, BMR, asupan mineral dan zat gizi makro, dan daya tahan jantung paru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan daya tahan jantung paru atlet sepak bola sesudah diberikan maltodekstrin (51,05 + 3,160 menjadi 51,60 + 3,286 mL/kg BB/menit) (p=0,001). Peningkatan daya tahan jantung paru pada kelompok perlakuan (0,55 + 0,126 mL/kg BB/menit) lebih tinggi dari pada kelompok kontrol (0,18 + 0,031 mL/kg BB/menit) dengan nilai p=0,02. IMT, persentase lemak tubuh, BMR, asupan mineral dan zat gizi makro tidak berkorelasi dengan daya tahan jantung paru. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian maltodekstrin sebanyak 4x18 g dalam 4x300 mL minuman elektrolit meningkatkan daya tahan jantung-paru atlet sepak bola selama latihan.
ABSTRACT
The Effect of Additional Maltodextrin in Electrolyte Drinks to Cardiorespiratory
Endurance in Soccer Athletes During Exercise
Maximum exercise, hydration status, and proper nutrition intake could improve the cardiorespiratory endurance. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of additional maltodextrin in the electrolyte drinks to cardiorespiratory endurance among soccer athletes during exercise. This quasi-experimental study used a crossover design on 17 soccer athletes of Central Java PPLP in 2015. The study had been done during six weeks periods, during the exercise athletes were given 4x300 mL drink at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes continued with cardiorespiratory endurance test. The control group was given only an electrolyte drink whereas the treatment group was given an electrolyte drink plus 18 gram maltodextrin. Measurements included body weight, body height, BMI, body fat percetage, BMR, minerals and macro nutrient intake, and cardiorespiratory endurance. The result showed that cardiorespiratory endurance of soccer athletes after giving maltodextrin increase significantly (51.0 + 3.16 to 51.6 + 3.28 mL/kg BW/min) (p=0.001). The result showed that increasing of the cardiorespiratory endurance in treatment group (0.6 + 0.80 mL/kg BW/min) is significantly higher than control group (0.2 + 0.15 mL/ kg BW/min) with p=0.02. BMI, fat mass percentage, BMR, minerals and macro nutrient intakes have no correlation with cardiorespiratory endurance. It can be concluded that the giving maltodextrin as much as 4x18 g in 4x300 mL electrolyte drinks increased the cardiorespiratory endurance of soccer athletes during exercise.
Keyword: maltodextrin, cardiorespiratory endurance, soccer athletes, electrolyte drink
Downloads
Article Details
Authors who publish with Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to remix, adapt, build upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association).
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Muhyi MF. Meningkatkan Kebugaran Tubuh Melalui Permainan & Olahraga Sepak Bola. Surabaya: PT Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. 2008
Sajoto. Pembinaan Kondisi Fisik dalam Olahraga. FPOK- IKIP SEMARANG. 1988.
Husaini MA, Dadang AP, Anie K, Dangsina M, Didit D. Gizi Atlet Sepak Bola. Jakarta: Depkes R.I. Dirjen Kesehatan Masyarakat Direktorat Gizi Masyarakat. 2002.
Hoff J, Wisloff U, Engen LC, Kemi OJ, Helgerud J. Soccer Specific Aerobic Endurance Training. Br J Sport Med. 2002; 36; 218-21.
Bergh U, Ekblom B, Astrand PO.. Oxygen Uptake ‘Classical’ Versus ‘Contemporary’ Viewpoints. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32:70-84.
Levine BD. VO2 MAX: What Do We Know, and What Do We Still Need to Know?. J Physiol . 2008;586 (1); 25-34.
Almatsier S. Prinsip Dasar Ilmu Gizi. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. 2002.
Widiastuti PA, Kushartanti BMW, Kandarina IBJ. Pola Makan dan Kebugaran Jasmani Atlet Pencak Silat Selama Pelatihan Daerah Pekan Olahraga Nasional XVII Provinsi Bali tahun 2008. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia. 2009; 6 (1); 13-20.
Heather HF, Lisa C, Alan EM. Endurance and Ultra-Endurance Athletes. In: Practical Applications in Sport Nutrition. Boston: Jones and Bartlett Publisher. 2006; 360-97.
Hasan MS. Kesegaran Jasmani Olahragawan Sepak Bola Pra-pubertas. Jurnal Iptek Olahraga. 2008; 10(3) 188-202.
Sadeghi A, Shahidi F, Mortazavi AS, Mahalati NM. Evaluation of Different Parameters Effect on Maltodextrin Production by –Amylase Termamyl 2-x. World Appl. Sci. J. 2008;3 (1); 34-9.
Bronkhorst I, Silva L, Freitas L, Martins M, Martins H, Malfati C et al. Vitamin B6 and Maltodextrin Sport Drink Modify Glucose Levels of Elite Mountain Biking Athletes. JEP online. 2014;17(4); 113-21.
Coulson M, Archer D. Practical Fitness Testing: Analysis in Exercise and Sport. London: A&C Black Publishers, Ltd. 2009.
Yitnosumarto S. Percobaan Perancangan, Analisis, dan Interpretasinya. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. 1993.
Roberts DJ, Tarpey DM, Kass SL, Tarpey JR, Roberts GM. Assessing A Commercially Available Sport Drink on Exogenous Carbohydrate Oxidation, Fluid Delivery and Sustained Exercise Performance. Jissn. 2014; 11 (8); 1-14.
Sudargo T, Afidah R, Freitag H, Amalia RR, Triatanti RK et al. Pengaruh Suplementasi Karbohidrat, Lemak, dan Protein Terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah dan Asam Laktat pada Atlet Pencak Silat. Journal of the Indonesian Nutrition Association. 2012; 35(1): 10-21
Daries H. Nutrition for Sport and Exercise: A Practical Guide. United Kingdom: Willey & Blackwell. 2002.
Sapata KB, Fayh APT, de Oliveira AR. Effect of Prior Consumption of Carbohydrate on The Glycaemia and Performance. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2006;12 (4); 170e-74e.
Malfatti CRM, de Laat EF, Soler LT, Bronkhorst IW, Pacheco CV, Funez EIB, et al. Maltodextrin’s Effect on The Performance of Elite Mountain Biking Athletes During Simulated Competition and on Power Output at The Ventilatory Threshold. Human Movement. 2011;12 (3); 232-36.
Febbraio MA, Keenan J, Angus DJ, Campbell SE, Garnham AP. Preexercise Carbohydrate Ingestion, Glucose Kinetics, and Muscle Glycogen Use: Effect of The Glycemic Index. J Appl Physiol. 2000; 89; 1845-51.
Kapsprzak Z, Biernacki J, Nowak A, Zielinski J, Kusy K, Rejewski R. Assessment of Intake of Essensial Nutrients, Vitamins and Minerals and Selected Indices of Nutritional Status in Short-Distance Runners. Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism. 2006; 13; 141-44.
Moughan RJ. Role of Micronutrients in Sport and Physical Activity. British Medical Bulletin. 1999; 55 (3); 683-90.
Supariasa IDN, Bakri B, Fajar I. Penilaian Status Gizi. Jakarta: EGC. 2001.
Wicaksono D, Bawono MN. Hubungan Antara Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Daya Tahan Jantung Paru pada Pemain U-17 SSB Bina Muda. Jurnal Kesehatan Olahraga. 2014; 2(1): 21-28.
Ita. 2009. Hubungan Antara Asupan Energi dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh, dan Kapasitas Oksigen Maksimal (VO2 maks) Atlet Pada Periode Latihan di Pusat Pelatihan Klub Bola Basket Satria Muda Britama Jakarta. Yogyakarta: Skripsi. Program Studi Gizi Kesehatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada
Pertiwi AB, Murbawani EA. 2012. Pengaruh Asupan Makan (Energi, Karbohidrat, Protein, dan Lemak) Terhadap Daya Tahan Jantung Paru (VO2 Maks) Atlet Sepak Bola. Semarang: Skripsi. Universitas Diponegoro Semarang
Yesis M, Trubo R. 1993. Rahasia Kebugaran dan Pelatihan Olahraga Soviet. Bandung: ITB Bandung
Kusumawati M. 2014. Hubungan Antara Pola Konsumsi Protein dan fe dengan Daya Tahan Jantung Paru Atlet Sepak Bola PS. Semen Padang. Yogyakarta: Skripsi. Universitas Gadjahmada
Foss ML and Keteyian SJ. Fox’s Physiological Basis For Exercise and Sport 6th Ed. Boston: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 1998.
Prativi GO. Pengaruh Aktivitas Olahraga terhadap Kebugaran Jasmani. JSSF. 2013;2 (3); 32-36.