FAKTOR RISIKO ANEMIA IBU HAMIL TERHADAP PANJANG BADAN LAHIR PENDEK DI PUSKESMAS SENTOLO 1 KULON PROGO D.I.YOGYAKARTA
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Abstract
Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin (Hb) level in the blood is below normal. Hb plays an important role in transporting oxygen through the body. If the mother is anemic, the oxygen cycle in the body is reduced and will result in the increased of metabolic rate during pregnancy. Anemia during pregnancy will increase risk factors in inhibiting growth and low birth weight (LBW), premature birth, infant mortality, perinatal death and reduce body defenses to infection either in mother and child. This study aimed to determine the anemia status of pregnancy is a risk factor for producing stunting at birth in Puskesmas Sentolo 1 Kulon Progo. The sample of 192 babies were employed, 64 babies with short birth lenght for case group and control group covered 128 babies with normal birth lenght. Data obtained through data from Puskesmas medical record in 2016 then analyzed by using the case-control approach. The independent variable is the anemia status of pregnant mother while the dependent variabel is the length of birth. The data were analysed by using Chi-Square test to find out the correlation between of maternal anemia status with short birth lenght, then to identify risk factor using Odd-Ratio. The result of the study indicated that there was a relationship between anemia status of pregnant woman and short-stature at birth marked by p-value = 0,000 (p <0.05). In addition, the anemia status of pregnant woman is a risk factor for short body length at birth (OR = 4.31; 95% CI = 2.28 - 8.15). Conclusion, anemia status of pregnant woman is a risk factor for stunting at birth in Puskesmas Sentolo 1 Kulon Progo.
ABSTRAK
Anemia adalah kondisi dimana kadar hemoglobin (Hb) dalam darah dibawah normal. Hb berperan didalam pengangkutan Oksigen ke seluruh tubuh. Jika Ibu mengalami anemia, maka siklus Oksigen di dalam tubuh berkurang dan akan mengakibatkan teganggunya metabolisme yang meningkat selama proses kehamilan. Anemia selama masa kehamilan akan meningkatkan faktor risiko dalam menghambat pertumbuhan dan berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR), kelahiran prematur, kematian bayi dalam kandungan, kematian perinatal dan pertahanan tubuh berkurang yang mengakibatkan infeksi terhadap ibu dan anaknya. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui status anemia ibu hamil merupakan faktor risiko terhadap panjang badan lahir pendek di Puskesmas Sentolo 1 Kulon Progo. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 192 bayi dengan kelompok kasus sebanyak 64 bayi dengan panjang badan lahir pendek dan kelompok kontrol sejumlah 128 dengan panjang badan lahir normal. Data diperoleh dengan menyalin dari rekam medis Puskesmas tahun 2016 kemudian dianalisa menggunakan pendekatan case control. Variabel bebas adalah status anemia ibu hamil sedangkan variabel terikat adalah panjang badan lahir. Pengolahan data menggunakan uji Chi-Square untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara status anemia ibu hamil dengan panjang badan lahir, kemudian untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko menggunakan Odd-Ratio. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara status anemia ibu hamil dengan panjang badan lahir pendek ditandai dengan nilai p value= 0,000 (p < 0,05). Selain itu, status anemia ibu hamil menjadi faktor risiko panjang badan lahir pendek (OR=4,31;95% CI=2,28 – 8,15). Kesimpulan dari penelitian bahwa status anemia ibu hamil menjadi faktor risiko panjang badan lahir pendek di Puskesmas Sentolo 1 Kulon Progo.
Kata kunci: anemia, ibu hamil, panjang badan lahir, stunting
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