KEMATIAN IBU DI INDONESIA (Analisis Data Survei Demografi dan Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 1994-2007)

Abstract

MATERNAL MORTALITY IN INDONESIA
(AN ANALYSIS OF THE 1994-2007 IDHS DATA)

Maternal mortality is one of the main indicators of a community’s health status. It also reflects the
performance of a country’s health system. Almost 90 percents of maternal mortality can be prevented
by, among others, maternal health care programs, nutrition improvement programs, family planning
programs, and increasing women’s education level. This paper has two objectives. The first objective
is to describe maternal mortality ratios and its trend which are obtained from the 1994, 1997, 2002-2003 and 2007 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) results. The second objective is to
analyze factors influencing maternal mortality ratios in Indonesia. This information would be useful
for policy makers to improve maternal health care programs. The 1994 IDHS used both direct and
indirect methods, known as ”sisterhood method”, while the 1997, 2002-2003, and 2007 IDHS used
only direct method to estimate maternal mortality rates and ratios. The surveys’ results show a
declining trend in maternal mortality for the five-year period prior to the surveys. The maternal
mortality ratios according to the 1994, 1997, 2002/03 and 2007 IDHS are 390, 334, 307, and 228 per
100,000 live births respectively. However, due to high sampling errors, it is difficult to conclude
whether a decline in maternal mortality ratios has occurred during the last 20 years. The 1994, 1997,
2002-2003 and 2007 IDHS results also demonstrate the effects of maternal health care programs on
maternal mortality ratios. Therefore, this paper concludes that the quality of maternal health care
programs need to be improved, which include antenatal, delivery and postnatal care, and also family
planning programs.

Keywords: Maternal mortality rate and ratio, Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, maternal
health care programs.