PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ASI DAN POLA KONSUMSI DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA
Article Sidebar
Read Counter : 0
Download : 0
Main Article Content
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The prevalence of nutritional problems among toddlers in Indonesia, particularly in Yogyakarta, remains above 15 percent and remains a significant public health concern. These problems include undernutrition, stunting, and underweight, all of which can lead to high morbidity and even mortality rates. According to related sources, in 2015, the exclusive breastfeeding rate in Indonesia was only 55.7 percent, even though exclusive breastfeeding is a crucial factor influencing both nutritional status and dietary patterns. Therefore, monitoring toddlers’ nutritional status based on exclusive breastfeeding and dietary patterns is essential. This study employed a cluster sampling technique and was conducted from January to August 2021, involving 60 mothers of toddlers aged 0–59 months residing in Kalasan District, Sleman. The results indicated no significant association between exclusive breastfeeding and dietary habits with toddlers’ nutritional status (underweight and stunting), as shown by the chi-square test p-values. Nevertheless, based on the odds ratio (OR) and 95%CI, the findings suggest that exclusive breastfeeding and dietary patterns play an essential role in determining toddlers’ nutritional status, alongside other factors such as maternal knowledge and education, household economic status, and child characteristics. Consequently, further efforts such as providing education on dietary practices for toddlers and expanding the scope of respondents are recommended for future research.
Keywords: exclusive breastfeeding, consumption patterns, nutritional status, COVID-19 pandemic
ABSTRAK
Prevalensi masalah gizi balita di Indonesia, khususnya Yogyakarta yang masih di atas 15 persen perlu menjadi perhatian, baik pada kasus gizi kurang, stunting, maupun underweight, mengingat bahwa dampak dari permasalahan tersebut dapat meluas pada tingginya angka morbiditas, bahkan mortalitas. Selain itu, menurut sumber terkait pada tahun 2015 diketahui bahwa di Indonesia persentase pemberian ASI eksklusif baru mencapai 55,7 persen, padahal pemberian ASI eksklusif menjadi faktor penting yang berpengaruh terhadap status gizi dan tumbuh kembang balita. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pemantauan status gizi balita berdasarkan parameter pemberian ASI eksklusif serta pola konsumsi balita. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik cluster sampling dan dilaksanakan mulai Januari hingga Agustus 2021 dengan melibatkan (60 responden ibu yang memiliki balita usia 0-59 bulan serta menetap di Kecamatan Kalasan, Sleman). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak adanya hubungan antara pemberian ASI eksklusif serta pola konsumsi dengan status gizi balita (underweight dan stunting) yang ditunjukkan melalui hasil p-value uji Chi-Square. Tetapi, merujuk pada nilai OR dan 95%CI diketahui bahwa pemberian ASI eksklusif serta pola konsumsi menjadi faktor yang cukup berperan penting dalam status gizi balita, di samping faktor pendukung lain seperti pengetahuan dan pendidikan ibu, status ekonomi, karakteristik anak, serta faktor lainnya. Sehingga adanya upaya seperti edukasi tentang pola pangan terhadap balita serta perluasan jangkauan responden dapat menjadi rekomendasi untuk penelitian selanjutnya.
Kata kunci: pemberian ASI eksklusif, pola konsumsi, status gizi, pandemi COVID-19
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to remix, adapt, build upon the work non-commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in Gizi Indonesia (Journal of The Indonesian Nutrition Association).
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Nowicki P, Okhiai O, Khoury H, Phuong NT, Huy NL, Uwaifo V, et al. The Association between Child Undernutrition and Common Childhood Infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2023;15(10):2347.
Gawad A, Alwabr, Nwbal A, Alwabr. Nutritional Status of Children Under Five Years of Age and Factors Associated in rural areas of Sana’a Governorate, Yemen. CHRISMED J Health Res. 2021;8:102–9. doi: 10.4103/cjhr.cjhr_95_19
WHO. Exclusive Breastfeeding for Optimal Growth, Development and Health of Infants. e-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (eLENA). Jenewa: World Health Organization; 2019.
Kemenkes RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) 2018. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2018 p. 1–384.
Kemenkes RI. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2020. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2020 p. 1–78.
Abera L, Dejene T, Laelago T. Prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors in children aged 6-59 months among rural dwellers of damot gale district, south Ethiopia: community based cross sectional study. Int J Equity Health. 2017 Jun 26;16(1):111. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-017-0608-9
Khan S, Zaheer S, Safdar NF. Determinants of stunting, underweight and wasting among children < 5 years of age: evidence from 2012-2013 Pakistan demographic and health survey. BMC Public Health. 2019 Apr 1;19(1):358. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6688-2
Laksono AD, Wulandari RD, Amaliah N, Wisnuwardani RW. Stunting among children under two years in Indonesia: Does maternal education matter? PloS One. 2022;17(7):e0271509. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271509.
Khatri RB, Mishra SR, Khanal V, Choulagai B. Factors Associated with Underweight among Children of Former-Kamaiyas in Nepal. Front Public Health. 2015;3:11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2015.00011
Asfaw M, Wondaferash M, Taha M, Dube L. Prevalence of undernutrition and associated factors among children aged between six to fifty nine months in Bule Hora district, South Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2015 Jan 31;15(1):41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1370-9
Khan GN, Turab A, Khan MI, Rizvi A, Shaheen F, Ullah A, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition among children under-five years in Sindh, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nutr. 2016 Nov 24;2(1):69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-016-0112-4.
Marshak A, Young H, Radday A. Livestock, and Malnutrition Findings from An Impact Assessment of Community Resilience to Acute Malnutrition Programme in Chad. F Exch - Emerg Nutr Netw ENN. 2017;(54):65.
Girma A, Woldie H, Mekonnen FA, Gonete KA, Sisay M. Undernutrition and associated factors among urban children aged 24–59 months in Northwest Ethiopia: a community based cross sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 2019 Jun 29;19(1):214. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1595-3
Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJD, França GVA, Horton S, Krasevec J, et al. Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet Lond Engl. 2016 Jan 30;387(10017):475–90. https://doi.org/10.1 016/S0140-6736(15)01024-7
Diniyyah SR, Nindya TS. Asupan Energi, Protein dan Lemak dengan Kejadian Gizi Kurang pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Desa Suci, Gresik. Amerta Nutr. 2017 Dec 27;1(4):341–50. https://doi.org/10.20473/a mnt.v1i4.2017.341-350
Amir Y, Hasneli Y, Erika. Hubungan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif terhadap Tumbuh Kembang Bayi. J Ners Indones. 2019;1(1).
Susilowati E, Himawati A. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Gizi Balita Dengan Status Gizi Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gajah 1 Demak. J Kebidanan. 2017 Oct 17;6(13):21. https://doi.org/10.31983/jkb.v6i13.2866.
Ngaisyah RD, Sari SP, Sakinah R. View of Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Buku KIA dan Pengetahuan Ibu dengan Status Gizi Balita. In Yogyakarta: Universitas Respati Yogyakarta; 2022 [cited 2025 Aug 9]. p. 1. Available from: https://prosiding.respati.ac.id/index.php/PSN/article/view/413/393
Frelestanty E, Haryanti Y. Hubungan Pemberian ASI dan Susu Formula dengan Status Gizi Bayi Usia 0-6 Bulan. J Med Usada. 2018;1(2). https://doi.org/10.54107/medikausada.v1i2.22
Petralina B. Determinan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Tentang Pemeriksaan Triple Eliminasi. Mahakam J Kesehat. 2020;10(1) https://doi.org/10.359 63/hmjk.v10i1.217.
Gibney MJ, Margetts BM, Kearney JM, Arab L. Gizi kesehatan masyarakat [Internet]. Jakarta: EGC; 2009 [cited 2025 Aug 9]. Available from: https://lib.fkm.ui.ac.id
Jasmawati, Setiadi R. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Status Gizi Balita: Systematic Review. Mahakam Midwifery J. 2020;5(2). https://doi.org/10.35963/mmj.v5i 2.156
Seale LA, Yamanaka AB, Hammond K, Lim E, Wilkens LR, McFall P, et al. Dietary Micronutrient Intake and the Prevalence of Metabolic Conditions among Children from the United States–Affiliated Pacific Region in the Children’s Healthy Living Program. Curr Dev Nutr. 2025 Jan 1;9(1):104531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104531