“MAKAN YANG BENAR SEHATKAN BADAN”: PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN GIZI SEIMBANG UNTUK ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DENGAN PENDEKATAN REGULASI DIRI

Abstract

The school- aged years are a critical time for delivering nutrition education to children because that is the time
that cognitive- motivational processes emerge as an important influence on food choices. Conventional
methods of delivering nutritional message emphasize on knowledge acquisition; however, experiential
knowledge is more effective to promote healthy eating behavior among children. The current study used
self-regulatory approach and social cognitive learning technique to develop nutrition education program
for 3rd and 4th grades mid-low income children. Until now, there has not been any study on nutrition
education in Indonesia that focuses on developing skills and behaviors related to areas of food and eating
habits. The general objective of the study is to identify the effectiveness of the program by assessing
dietary intake as a combined measure of children’s self-regulation of food choice, children’s selfmotivation, and maternal self-efficacy on the home food environment. Based on formative study, culturally
tailored and age-appropriate in-class lessons adapted from Indonesian food dietary guidelines were
designed for mid- to low-income children in an urban area of Jakarta. Students received 24 in -class
sessions, 45 minutes each session twice a week, for a 12-week intervention taught by nutrition
professionals. Both school teachers and parents were involved in the program. Outcome evaluations were
studied using a quasi-experimental design with the intervention (n=137) and comparison (n=120) groups
combined for three assessment periods: pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up (12 weeks after
post-intervention). Participants were pair of children and their mothers. To answer the research questions,
a multiple group structural equation model (SEM) with a structured mean analysis was used. The results
suggest that nutrition education program with a self-regulatory approach had a significant effect in
improving children’s self-regulatory behaviors in terms of food choice and maternal self-efficacy on home
food environment. The results also showed that the program had a significant sustain able effect in terms
of improving children’s dietary intakes. Using self-regulatory model, the results suggest that there are two
approaches to implement the program. One approach is to modify maternal self-efficacy on the home food
environment to improve children’s self-motivation and their dietary intake; another is to directly modify
children’s self-regulation of food choice to improve their dietary intake.

Keywords: school-aged children; nutrition education; maternal self-efficacy; self-motivation; self-regulation