INTEGRASI PRODUKSI ULTRAFINE EKSTRAKSI ZAT WARNA ANTOSIANIN DARI KELOPAK BUNGA TELANG (Clitoria ternatea) DENGAN METODE ULTRASONIC ASSISTED EXTRACTION DAN SPRAY DRYING
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Abstract
Butterfly Pea flowers contain bioactive compounds, namely anthocyanin pigments which can be used as natural dyes. If anthocyanin extraction using conventional methods takes a long time and has less than optimal quality, this study uses the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method. This study aims to optimize anthocyanin extract from butterfly pea flowers using the Box-Behnken (BBD) design. Three variables include extraction temperature (50-70°C), solvent-to-solid ratio (15 to 25 ml/g), and sonication time (15-35 minutes) are carried out to optimize the extraction process. Butterfly pea flowers are extracted using the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method and spray drying to obtain blue natural dye powder with high anthocyanin content. The results showed that the optimum UAE conditions using BBD, namely at an extraction temperature of 50oC, an extraction time of 16 minutes, and a ratio (solvent/material) of 16.5 ml/g, obtained the highest anthocyanin content with a value of 119,219 mg/L. The measurement of the color of the butterfly pea flower extract powder produced a large negative b value, which resulted in a high degree of blueness. Anthocyanin extract from flowers has potential as a natural blue food colorant.
Keywords: anthocyanin, butterfly pea flowers, ultrasonic assisted extraction, spray drying
ABSTRAK
Bunga Telang mengandung senyawa bioaktif yaitu pigmen antosianin yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pewarna alami. Apabila ekstraksi antosianin menggunakan metode konvensional memerlukan waktu yang lama dengan kualitas yang kurang optimal maka penelitian ini menggunakan metode Ultrasoound Assisted Extraction (UAE). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan ekstrak antosianin dari bunga telang menggunakan Box-Behnken Design (BBD). Tiga variabel termasuk suhu ektraksi (50-70°C), rasio pelarut terhadap padatan (15 hingga 25 ml/g), dan waktu sonifikasi (15-35 menit) dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan proses ekstraksi. Bunga telang diekstraksi menggunakan metode Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) dan pengeringan spray drying untuk memperoleh bubuk pewarna alami biru dengan kadar antosianin yang tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi optimum UAE menggunakan BBD yaitu pada temperatur ekstraksi 50oC, waktu ekstraksi 16 menit dan rasio (pelarut/bahan) 16,5 ml/g diperoleh kadar antosianin yang terbesar dengan nilai 119,219 mg/L. Pengukuran warna bubuk ekstrak bunga telang menghasilkan nilai b negatif yang besar sehingga memiliki derajat kebiruan yang tinggi. Ekstrak antosianin dari bungan telah mempunyai potensi sebagai pewarna alami biru.
Kata kunci: bunga telang, antosianin, ultrasonic assisted extraction, spray drying
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