UPAYA PENCEGAHAN DAN PENGURANGAN FOOD WASTE DI INDONESIA DAN PERBANDINGANNYA DENGAN BEBERAPA NEGARA ASEAN: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS
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Abstract
Food waste presents a global challenge with significant impacts on the environment, economy, and nutritional security, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia, which ranks second among the world’s largest producers of food waste. Unlike several ASEAN countries that have implemented effective policies to manage food waste, Indonesia continues to face challenges including inadequate infrastructure, weak regulations, and low public awareness. This study reviews initiatives aimed at reducing and preventing food waste in Indonesia and compares them with strategies employed by selected ASEAN nations. A systematic review was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect to identify relevant articles published within the last ten years (July–August 2024). The findings reveal that Indonesia’s primary obstacles include a lack of comprehensive regulations, limited infrastructure development, and insufficient public education regarding household food waste management. In contrast, some ASEAN countries have adopted more effective policies and modernized management systems. Reducing food waste has the potential to enhance community nutrition by increasing food availability and promoting sustainable dietary practices. The results underscore the importance of robust regulatory frameworks, infrastructure improvements, public awareness campaigns, and decisive government action involving all stakeholders for effective food waste management.
Keywords: community nutrition, food insecurity, food waste, waste management
ABSTRAK
Food waste merupakan tantangan global yang berdampak besar pada lingkungan, ekonomi, dan keamanan gizi, terutama di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia yang menempati peringkat kedua sebagai produsen sampah makanan terbesar dunia. Berbeda dengan beberapa negara ASEAN lain yang telah menerapkan kebijakan pengelolaan sampah makanan, Indonesia masih menghadapi kendala berupa infrastruktur yang kurang memadai, regulasi yang lemah, dan rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat. Studi ini mengkaji inisiatif pengurangan dan pencegahan food waste di Indonesia serta membandingkannya dengan strategi manajemen di beberapa negara ASEAN terpilih. Studi tinjauan sistematis dari artikel-artikel relevan dalam 10 tahun terakhir (Juli-Agustus 2024) dan ditemukan bahwa hambatan utama Indonesia terletak pada kurangnya regulasi komprehensif, infrastruktur terbatas, dan minimnya edukasi publik terkait food waste rumah tangga. Sebaliknya, beberapa negara ASEAN telah mengadopsi kebijakan efektif dan sistem manajemen modern. Pengurangan food waste berpotensi meningkatkan ketersediaan pangan serta mendukung pola makan berkelanjutan untuk memperbaiki gizi masyarakat. Hasil studi menegaskan pentingnya regulasi kuat, pembangunan infrastruktur memadai, edukasi publik intensif, serta tindakan pemerintah tegas melibatkan seluruh pemangku kepentingan sangat dibutuhkan demi pengelolaan sampah makanan yang efektif.
Kata kunci: gizi masyarakat, ketahanan pangan, limbah makanan, manajemen limbah
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