DETERMINAN STUNTING PADA ANAK USIA 24-59 BULAN DI PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT: ANALISIS DATA SURVEI STATUS GIZI INDONESIA (SSGI) TAHUN 2022
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Abstract
Stunting remains a major nutritional issue among toddlers, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia. Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) Province has seen an increasing stunting prevalence, rising from 31.4 percent in 2021 to 32.7 percent in 2022, exceeding the national rate of 21.6 percent. Despite various interventions, stunting rates in NTB continue to rise, requiring further investigation into its determinants. This study analyzes stunting determinants among children aged 24–59 months in NTB using data from the Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey (SSGI) 2022. A cross-sectional design was applied, involving 3,316 children. The results showed 31.1 percent of children were stunted, with significant associations between stunting and child’s gender, maternal education, maternal occupation, number of children under five, drinking water sources, and toilet ownership (p<0.05). Drinking water sources emerged as the dominant factor, with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.399 (95% CI: 1.168–1.675), after adjusting for child’s gender and maternal education. These findings emphasize that access to safe drinking water and maternal education are crucial in stunting prevention. Thus, community-based interventions focusing on clean water access, maternal nutrition education, and improved sanitation are essential. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to better understand stunting dynamics over time.
Keywords: stunting, determinants, children, west nusa tenggara
ABSTRAK
Stunting merupakan salah satu masalah gizi utama pada balita, terutama di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB) mengalami tren peningkatan prevalensi stunting dari 31,4 persen pada tahun 2021 menjadi 32,7 persen pada tahun 2022, lebih tinggi dari angka nasional sebesar 21,6 persen. Meskipun berbagai program intervensi telah dilakukan, angka stunting di NTB masih meningkat, sehingga diperlukan kajian lebih lanjut mengenai faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kejadian stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan stunting pada anak usia 24-59 bulan di NTB berdasarkan data Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) tahun 2022. Menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan melibatkan 3.316 anak sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 31,1 persen anak usia 24–59 bulan mengalami stunting. Analisis statistik menemukan adanya hubungan signifikan antara kejadian stunting dengan jenis kelamin anak, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, jumlah balita dalam keluarga, sumber air minum, dan kepemilikan jamban (p<0,05). Di dapatkan faktor dominan yang memengaruhi kejadian stunting adalah sumber air minum, dengan nilai Odds Ratio (OR) sebesar 1,399 (95% CI: 1,168–1,675), setelah dipengaruhi oleh variabel jenis kelamin anak dan pendidikan ibu. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa akses terhadap air minum layak dan pendidikan ibu merupakan faktor kunci dalam upaya pencegahan stunting. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan intervensi berbasis komunitas yang menitikberatkan pada peningkatan akses air bersih, edukasi gizi bagi ibu, serta perbaikan infrastruktur sanitasi guna menekan angka stunting di NTB. Studi lebih lanjut dengan pendekatan longitudinal direkomendasikan untuk memahami dinamika stunting secara lebih mendalam.
Kata kunci: stunting, determinan, anak, nusa tenggara barat
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